• Xray shows a swooping long right lumbar scoliosiswith the apex at approximately L1-L2. this is either a neuromuscular/congenital or degenerative scoliosis.
• CT shows advanced disc degeneration, seen in the region of the apex, particularly on the concave left side of the curve, where the endplates appear to be in contact. There is lateral listhesis of L2 and L3 to the right. Vacuum clefts are seen on the left sides of the discs at the apex of the curve (T11-L3).
• There is also advanced disc degeneration at L4-L5 with sclerosis and bone-on-bone contact on the right side of the disc space and a small vacuum cleft. The L5-S1 disc appears fairly well preserved. The right L5 transverse process articulates with the superior aspect of the right sacral ala, but does not appear hypertrophic. Sagittal alignment appears fairly well preserved. There is moderate facet arthropathy at the curve apex, most marked on the left at L3-L4 and relatively sparing from L4-S1.
• Conclusion: Degenerative scoliosis centred at L1-L2.